The Mystery of Saint Matthew’s Identity in Caravaggio’s Iconic Oil Painting Masterpiece
by Happy World
Caravaggio’s The Calling of Saint Matthew (1599–1600) is a groundbreaking oil painting that exemplifies the Baroque era’s dramatic style. Commissioned for the Contarelli Chapel in Rome, this painting is part of a triptych alongside The Inspiration of Saint Matthew and The Martyrdom of Saint Matthew. While the series celebrates the life of Saint Matthew, The Calling stands out for its innovative composition and the mystery surrounding the identity of Saint Matthew.
The Identity of Saint Matthew: A Debate in Portraiture
This portrait-style oil painting captures the moment Christ calls Matthew to follow him. The scene shows Christ and Saint Peter gesturing toward a group of men at a table, but which man is Saint Matthew?
Many art historians argue that Matthew is the bearded man pointing at himself, his surprised expression reflecting the gravity of Christ’s call. This interpretation is strengthened by the consistency of the bearded figure’s appearance as Saint Matthew in the series’ other works, The Inspiration and The Martyrdom.
However, some suggest Matthew is the young man counting coins, symbolizing his role as a tax collector and his inner transformation. This ambiguity gives the painting an added layer of depth, encouraging viewers to engage with its narrative.
Caravaggio’s Genius: Breaking Renaissance Conventions
Caravaggio’s ability to redefine biblical storytelling in oil painting is one of his greatest strengths. Unlike Renaissance artists, who often depicted biblical events in idealized settings, Caravaggio sets this moment in a dimly lit backroom, making the scene relatable to the everyday viewer. His use of chiaroscuro—the dramatic interplay of light and shadow—heightens the emotional intensity and guides the viewer’s eye toward key figures, adding a cinematic quality to this iconic oil portrait.
Why This Painting Matters
The deliberate ambiguity in The Calling of Saint Matthew reflects Caravaggio’s brilliance as a storyteller and innovator. The portrait-like details of the figures and the raw, human depiction of divine intervention make this oil painting a timeless masterpiece.
For art enthusiasts and collectors, Caravaggio’s work remains an inspiration for creating custom oil portraits that capture life’s pivotal moments with unparalleled depth and emotion.
Conclusion
Caravaggio’s The Calling of Saint Matthew is more than a painting; it’s an invitation to explore faith, identity, and artistic innovation. Whether you’re drawn to its dramatic use of light, its unique take on biblical storytelling, or its masterful execution in oil, this painting continues to captivate audiences centuries later.